[citation needed]. 1 (1984), pp. Superhydrophobicity in Lupins - video and commentary. Three Mediterranean species of lupin, blue (narrow-leafed) lupin, white lupin, and yellow lupin, are widely cultivated for livestock and poultry feed. 1998. [citation needed] The plant threatens indigenous species especially when it invades the braided river beds in the South Island.[14]. Thermopsis villosa, commonly called Carolina lupine, is an upright, clump-forming perennial which is native to the Carolinas and Georgia. Lupinus, commonly known as lupin or lupine,[note 1] is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family Fabaceae. [31] Estimates of the number of lupine species generally fall between 200 and 500. [2] One authority places the estimate at approximately 267 species worldwide. The ovary contains two and more ovules or seedbuds. This variety of Lupine flower is also known by several other names such as large-leaved lupine, many-leaved lupine, and big-leaved lupine. They are also common in Brazil and Egypt. While originally cultivated as a green manure or forage, lupins are increasingly grown for their seeds, which can be used as an alternative to soybeans. While Watson's work was predominantly based on study of North American species, the later research of Ascherson and Graebner (1907) extended his principle of classification to cover all lupins from the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, also using number of ovules (seedbuds) in the ovary (and thus of seeds in the pod) as the criterion for this division. Kurl. Almost all garden lupines today are hybrids of the true Russell hybrids due to their ease of cross pollinating with one another, and with no special interest in lupine cultivating until recent years it has meant the plants have created a large pool of genetic diversity and variation from the original Russells. In New Zealand, L. polyphyllus has escaped into the wild and grows in large numbers along main roads and streams on the South Island. A majority of the perennial and annual species from the American continent described by Watson were referred to Lupinus. Native lupine is more modest, standing two feet tall, and has seven to 11 leaflets. Smaller centers occur in North Africa and the Mediterranean. He spent two decades single-handedly trying to breed the perfect lupine, crossing L. polyphyllus with L. arboreus, L. sulphureus and one or more annual species (maybe L. nootkatensis). The fruit is a pod containing several seeds that weigh on average 24,8 mg each (n=50). High Power LED Beleuchtung, made in Germany. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lupinus&oldid=988848291, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Quechua-language text, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Zone: 3-7 Height: 18 to 36” Spread: 12 to 36” Bloom Time: May to July Bloom Description: Purple, Blue, Pink, and White. Some species are cultivated (L. mutabilis, L. polyphyllus). 2008. For the bean, see, Species names with uncertain taxonomic status, The Simple Leaved Lupines and Their Relatives in Argentina. B. Platycarpos included several annual species from the Eastern Hemisphere with two seedbuds and seeds in the bean (the same species, as the one specified by S. Watson). [4] Lupins have soft green to grey-green leaves which may be coated in silvery hairs, often densely so. [5], The templates created by Russell are still used by other specialist lupine horticulturalists today, e.g., Maurice and Brian Woodfield, nurserymen from Stratford-upon-Avon, who received the RHS Veitch Memorial Medal for their work on lupines in 2000. [8] Russell was later awarded an MBE, and the Royal Horticultural Society awarded him the Veitch Memorial Medal for a lifetime's achievement in horticulture. [citation needed], In the late 18th century, lupins were introduced into northern Europe as a means of improving soil quality, and by the 1860s, the garden yellow lupin was seen across the sandy soils of the Baltic coastal plain. The signs of lupine poisoning can develop within an hour or may take as long as a day. [13][14], Lupins can be used to make a variety of foods both sweet and savoury, including everyday meals, traditional fermented foods, baked foods, and sauces. [citation needed], Further work carried out by the Western Australian Department of Agriculture and Food during the 1950s and '60s led to more sweet lupin crops produced in Western Australia now than anywhere else in the world. They are very hardy plants, surviving extreme temperatures withstanding frost to at least −25 °C (−13 °F) and the wild varieties can easily become invasive and hard to dispose of unless kept in check on a regular basis. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Proceedings 12th International Lupin Conference, Fremantle, Australia; International Lupin Association, Canterbury, New Zealand. German scientists attempted to cultivate a 'sweet' variety of lupin that did not have the bitter taste (due to a mixture of alkaloids in the seed), making it more suitable for both human and animal consumption. Differences in habitat and in the number of ovules were the basis for this classification. [18] Most lupin reactions reported have been in people with peanut allergy. Breeding of sweet lupine is carried out also in Finland. A. and J. The seed are predominantly small-sized, with an underdeveloped embryo and small amount of endosperm.

lupine native range

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