We haven't found any reviews in the usual places. The %R is based on a comparison between the current close and the highest high for a user defined look back period. The approach is cultural rather than etymological. Williams %R moves between zero and -100. Williams, R. (1976). He then quotes Mark Akenside (1744), William Wordsworth (1805) and Jane Austen (1816) on their uses of the word 'culture' to make clear the fact that "culture was developing in English towards some of its modern senses before the decisive effects of a new social and intellectual movement". Williams points out that this sense developed crucially towards a "degree of habituation" being added to the metaphor as well as "an extension of particular processes to a general process, which the word could abstractly carry". A reading below -80 is oversold. It is that edition which is currently available. Rather than trying to reduce the complexity of usage, Williams advocates that "The complexity, that is to say, is not finally in the word but in the problems which its variations of use significantly indicate". Beyond this physical reference, Williams recognises three broad categories of usage: The third category, a relatively late category according to Williams, seems to lend itself to the widespread usage of 'culture' to be music, literature, painting and sculpture, theatre and film. Or that there has been a fierce political struggle over the 'correct' meaning. Taking up from Herder, "cultures in the plural" were looked at; to speak of "cultures of the plural: the specific and variable cultures of different nations and periods, but also the specific and variable cultures of social and economic groups within a nation." For him, it is one of the most complicated words in the English language not just due to its intricate historical development but mainly due to its relevance and indisputable impact in other systems of thought. Williams then looks at the developments in other languages, especially in German, to follow the development of 'culture' in English. Williams %R (%R) is a momentum based oscillator used in technical analysis, primarily to identify overbought and oversold conditions. In his essay on "Culture" within Keywords, Williams begins by tracing the origin and development of the word. This revised and expanded edition first published in Great Britain in 1983 by Fontana Paperbacks, London, and in the United States in 1985 by Oxford University Press, 200 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 David and Rosalind Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Williams, Raymond. German borrowed the word from French, Cultur and later spelt Kultur, its main use synonymous to 'cultivation': first in the abstract sense of a general process of becoming 'civilized or cultivated'; second in the sense which had already been established for civilization by the historians of the Enlightenment as a description of the secular process of human development. Keywords A Vocabulary of Culture and Society. 1 Raymond Williams’s Keywords: investigating meanings ‘offered, felt for, tested, confirmed, asserted, qualified, changed’ This is an author’s pre-final copy of an article published in Critical Quarterly, 48/4 (Winter 2006), pp.1-26. The result is an illuminating account of the central vocabulary of ideological debate in English in the modern period. A reading above -20 is overbought. There is then the literal continuity of physical process as used in say 'sugar-beet culture' or 'germ culture'. Williams uses G F Klemms' Allgemeine Kulturgeschichte de Menschheit – 'General Cultural History of Mankind' (1843–52) – to show this use of Kultur in the sense of tracing human development from savagery through domestication to freedom. Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society is a book by the Welsh Marxist academic Raymond Williams published in 1976 by Croom Helm. "First published in 1976, Raymond Williams' highly acclaimed Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society is a collection of lively essays on words that are critical to understanding the modern world. Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society, Language Arts & Disciplines / Linguistics / General, Language Arts & Disciplines / Linguistics / Sociolinguistics. Glasgow William Collins Sons & Co Ltd. this sense of culture was primarily a response to the emergence of the "mechanical character of the new civilization", and was used to distinguish between "human and material development".